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Heinz Holliger (born 21 May 1939(1939-05-21)) is a Swiss oboist, composer and conductor.

He was born in Langenthal, Switzerland and began his musical education at the conservatories of Bern and Basel. He studied composition with Sándor Veress and Pierre Boulez. He took first prize for oboe in the International Competition in Geneva in 1959.

He has become one of the world’s most celebrated oboists, and many contemporary composers (like Luciano Berio, Elliot Carter, Frank Martin, Hans Werner Henze, Witold Lutoslawski, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Isang Yun) have written works for him. He began teaching at the Musikhochschule in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany in 1966.

In 1972 Holliger, Maurice Bourgue (oboe), Klaus Thunemann (bassoon), and Christiane Jaccottet (continuo) et al. recorded the Six Trio Sonatas for Oboe and Bassoon by Jan Dismas Zelenka. This recording is credited for the “Zelenka Renaissance”.

Holliger has also composed many works in a variety of media. Many of his works have been recorded for the ECM label.

Awards

• Léonie Sonning Music Prize (1987; Denmark)
• Zurich Festival Prize (2007)

Selected works

• Sequenzen über Johannes I,32 (1962) for harp
• Siebengesang (1966-1967) for solo oboe, orchestra, voices and loudspeaker
• Streichquartett (1973) for string quartet
• Scardanelli-Zyklus (1975–1991) for solo flute, small orchestra, tape and mixed choir
• Come and Go / Va et vient / Kommen und Gehen (1976/1977), opera to a text by Samuel Beckett
• Not I (1978–1980) monodrama for soprano and tape
• Studie über Mehrklänge (1979) for oboe solo
• Lieder ohne Worte (1982–1994), two sets of works for violin and piano
• What Where (1988), chamber opera
• Alb-Chehr (1991) for speaker, singers and chamber ensemble
• Konzert (Hommage à Louis Soutter) (1993–1995) for violin and orchestra
• Schneewittchen (1998), opera based on a text by Robert Walser

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Zuicho Tachibana (? ??) was a Japanese explorer of Central Asia. He made three trips to Central Asia between 1902 and 1910, all financed by Count Otani. Although he travelled as a priest of the Jodo Shinshu sect, he was suspected by British and Russian Intelligence of being an officer of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

For more details of Tachibana’s expeditions, see Expeditions of Count Otani.

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Air Cordial was an airline based in Manchester, United Kingdom. It operated aircraft wet-leased for short periods on international charter flights to holiday destinations on behalf of Air Scandic, which went into liquidation and suspended flights in September 2005. Its main base was Manchester Airport.

Code data

• ICAO Code: ORC
• Callsign: Cordiale

History

The airline was established and started operations in 2000. It is wholly owned by Phil Maltby, who is also Chief Executive. Originally aircraft were operated on behalf by Air Scandic, but Air Cordial’s Air Operators Certificate was suspended at their request from 12 November 2004

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The United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was established by the United States Senate in 1953 to investigate the problem of juvenile delinquency.

Background

The subcommittee was a unit of the United States Senate Judiciary Committee and was created by a motion of Senator Robert Hendrickson, a Republican from New York. Its initial budget was $44,000. The first members of the subcommittee consisted of Senator Hendrickson, and Senators Estes Kefauver (Democrat from Tennessee), Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. (Democrat from Missouri), and William Langer (Republican from North Dakota). Senator Hendrickson was initially the chair of the committee but was later replaced as chair by Senator Kefauver.

1954 Comic Book Hearings

The public hearings took place on April 21, 22, June 4, 1954 in New York. They focused on particularly graphic “crime and horror” comic books of the day, and their potential impact on juvenile delinquency. When publisher William Gaines contended that he sold only comic books of good taste, Kefauver entered into evidence one of Gaines’ comics which showed a dismembered woman’s head on its cover. The exchange between Gaines and Kefauver led to a front-page story in The New York Times the following day.

He was asked by Senator Estes Kefauver, Democrat of Tennessee, if he considered in “good taste” the cover of his Shock SuspensStories, which depicted an axe-wielding man holding aloft the severed head of a blond woman. Mr. Gaines replied: “Yes, I do — for the cover of a horror comic.”

Because of the unfavorable press coverage resulting from the hearings, the comic book industry adopted the Comics Code Authority, a self-regulatory ratings code that is still used by some publishers today in a modified form. In the immediate aftermath of the hearings, several publishers were forced to revamp their schedules and drastically censor or even cancel many popular long-standing comic series.

References

• Beaty, Bart (2005). Fredric Wertham and the Critique of Mass Culture. University Press of Mississippi, ISBN 1-57806-819-3.
• Nyberg, Ami Kiste (1998). Seal of Approval: The History of the Comics Code, University Press of Mississippi, ISBN 0-87805-975-X.
• Juvenile Delinquency (Comic Books) hearings before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency in the U.S., Eighty-Third Congress, second session, on Apr. 21, 22, June 4, 1954. (OCLC Worldcat link to 62662186)

Notes

1. ^ “Senators to Hold Teen Age Hearings,” New York Times, Sep. 19, 1953, p. 16.
2. ^ The actual issue in evidence was issue no. 22 of Crime SuspenStories, May, 1954.
3. ^ Kihss, Peter. “No Harm in Horror, Comics Issuer Says”. New York Times, April 22, 1954, p. 1.

See also

• Seduction of the Innocent by Fredric Wertham

Carey Weight Loss Plan

Svetitskhoveli or the Living Pillar Cathedral
The Svetitskhoveli Cathedral is one of the most venerated places of worship for Georgian Orthodox Christians.
Basic information
Location	Mtskheta, Georgia
Religious affiliation	Orthodox Christianity
Ecclesiastical status	Major Cathedral
Architectural description
Architect(s)	Arsakidze
Architectural type	Church
Architectural style	Georgian Cross-Dome
Year completed	4th century AD, by King Mirian III of Kartli (Iberia) 5th century AD, during the reign of Vakhtang I Gorgasali Between 1010 and 1029, during the reign of George I
Specifications

Historical Monuments of Mtskheta*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	Georgia
Type	Cultural
Criteria	iii, iv
Reference	708
Region**	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	1994  (18th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO.

Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (Georgian: ???????????? ????????? ??????, svet’icxovlis sak’atedro t’adzari; literally, “the Living Pillar Cathedral”) is a Georgian Orthodox cathedral located in the historical town of Mtskheta, Georgia, 20 km (12.5 miles) northwest of the nation’s capital of Tbilisi.

Svetitskhoveli, known as the burial site of Christ’s mantle, has long been the principal Georgian church and remains one of the most venerated places of worship to this day. It presently functions as the seat of the archbishop of Mtskheta and Tbilisi, who is at the same time Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia.

The current cathedral was built in the 11th century by the Georgian architect Arsukisdze, though the site itself is even older dating back to the early 4th century and is surrounded by a number of legends associated primarily with the early Christian traditions.

It is the second largest church building in the country, after the recently consecrated Tbilisi Sameba Cathedral, and is listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other historical monuments of Mtskheta.

History

Early history

“The Glory of Iveria”. An icon by Mikhail Sabinin illustrating the legend of Living Pillar. 1880s

The original church was built in IV century A.D. during the reign of Mirian III of Kartli (Iberia). St. Nino is said to have chosen the confluence of the Mtkvari (Kura) and Aragvi rivers as the place of the first Georgian Church.

According to Georgian hagiography, in the first century AD a Georgian Jew from Mtskheta named Elias was in Jerusalem when Jesus was crucified. Elias bought Jesus’ robe from a Roman soldier at Golgotha and brought it back to Georgia. Returning to his native city, he was met by his sister Sidonia who upon touching the robe immediately died from the emotions engendered by the sacred object. The robe could not be removed from her grasp, so she was buried with it. The place where Sidonia is buried with Christ’s robe is preserved in the Cathedral. Later, from her grave grew an enormous cedar tree. Ordering the cedar chopped down to build the church, St. Nino had seven columns made from it for the church’s foundation. The seventh column, however, had magical properties and rose by itself into the air. It returned to earth after St. Nino prayed the whole night. It was further said that from the magical seventh column a sacred liquid flowed that cured people of all diseases. In Georgian sveti means “pillar” and tskhoveli means “life-giving” or “living”, hence the name of the cathedral. An icon portraying this event can be seen on the second column on the right-hand from the entrance. Reproduced widely throughout Georgia, it shows Sidonia with an angel lifting the column in heaven. Saint Nino is in the foreground: King Mirian and his wife, Queen Nana, are to the right and left. Georgia officially adopted Christianity as its state religion in 317.

Medieval and modern

Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, originally built in the 4th century, has been damaged several times during history, notably by the invasions of Arabs, Persians, and Timur and latterly during Russian subjugation and the Soviet period. The building has also been damaged by earthquakes.

During the restoration of 1970-71 which was presided over by V. Tsintsadze, the base of the basilica built in the late 5th century by King Vakhtang Gorgasali after St. Nino’s original church was found. During the early years of Georgian church building, the basilica was the dominant type of the Georgian church architecture before the cross-dome style emerged.

In the 11th century, the present Svetitskhoveli Cathedral was rebuilt (from 1010 to 1029) in the Cross-Dome style by the architect Arsukidze, at the invitation of the Catholicon Melkisedek of Georgia. The king of Georgia for that time was Giorgi II (George II).

The cathedral is surrounded by a defensive wall, built of stone and brick during the reign of King Erekle II (Heraclius) in 1787. The top storey was designed for military purposes and has gun emplacements. The entrance to the Cathedral from the wall is located to the south. The wall has eight towers: six of them are cylindrical and two of them are square. Archaeological expeditions in 1963 found the house of Patriarch of the 11th century at the southern part of the wall. Inside the church yard, the remains of the two-story castle of Patriarch Anton II were found.

Architecture

Design and construction of modern Svetitskhoveli

Svetitskhoveli Basilica

The base of the three-storey basilica, supposed to have been built by Vakhtang Gorgasali after St.Nino’s original church, has been found by archaeologists during the restoration of 1970-71.

Modern Cross-Dome Svetitskhoveli

The Dome of the Cathedral

The architecture of the present Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, which dates from around 1020, is based on the cross-dome style of church architecture, which emerged in Georgia in the early Middle Ages and became the principle style after the political unification of Georgia by Bagrat III (978-1014). The characteristic of this style is that the dome is placed across all four sides of church. The structure of the church is intended to ensure good acoustics. The dome of Svetitskhoveli was reconstructed several times over the centuries to keep the church in good condition.

The basic stone used for the Cathedral is a sandy yellow with trimmings, while around the apse window a red stone is used. The green stone used in the drum of the cupola is from the 17th century. The curved blind arcading throughout is unaltered from the 11th century.

A large window occupies most of the western top side of the church. The decoration shows the Christ sitting and two angels at the both sides. The original sculpture on the wall has not survived, but was restored several times, most recently in the 19th century.

The architect Arsukidze

A legend surrounds a relief sculpture on the external northern wall. This shows a right arm and hand holding a chisel - symbol of the stonemason – with an inscription reads:

An inscription on the east decade further attests to the fact that Arsukidze did not live to see his masterpiece finished (in 1029):

Constantine Gamsakhurdia’s Georgian novel “The Hand of the Great Master” relates the legend, for which there is no documentary evidence, that a priest who had also been Arsukidze’s patron and teacher was so jealous of Arsukidze’s success that he used his influence with the king to have the architect’s right hand cut off. According to the novel, King George was also jealous of Arsukidze over his lover, the beautiful Shorena.

Icons and Frescos

The interior walls are painted with frescoes, most of which have not survived in their original state. In the 1830s, when Czar Nicholas I was scheduled to visit Mskheta, the frescoes were all whitewashed, although in the end the Czar never came. Today, after much careful restoration, some few remnants survive including fragments of a 13th-century Beast of the Apocalypse and figures of the Zodiac.

The walls are decorated with many Christian Orthodox icons, most of which are not original (the originals being in the national museums of Georgia). The decoration of the church stonework also features carved grapes (as in many churches of Georgia), reflecting the country’s ancient wine-making traditions. The large figure of Jesus at the altar was painted by Russian artist in the 19th century. The majority of the icons here date to the 20th century. Some are copies of older icons and frescoes from other churches throughout Georgia.

Two bulls’ heads are incorporated into the east façade, surviving from the fifth-century church, testimony of the folk influence on Christian iconography in that early period.

Baptismal font

On the right side from the entrance of the Cathedral is a stone baptismal font dating from the fourth century. It is thought to have been used for the baptism of King Mirian and Queen Nana. Immediately behind the font is a reproduction of the relief of Arsukidze’s right hand and bevel found on the north facade.

Symbolic copy of the Chapel of Holy Sepulchre

On the south side there is a small stone church built into the Cathedral. This is a symbolic copy of the Chapel of Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Built between the end of the 13th and the beginning the 14th centuries, it was erected here to mark Svetitskhoveli as the second most sacred place in the world (after the church of Jerusalem), thanks to Christ’s robe. In front of this stone chapel, the most westerly structure aligned with the columns between the aisle and the nave marks Sidonia’s grave. Remains of the original life-giving pillar are also here. It was built in the 17th century. Scenes of the lives of King Mirian and Queen Nana, and portraits of the first Christian Byzantine Emperor, Constantine I, and his mother Helena, were painted by G. Gulzhavarashvili at that time. Traces of the foundations of the fourth-century church have been found here.

Throne of Catholicos-Patriarch

The second structure aligned with the columns of the southern aisle was also built in the 17th century as the throne of Catholicos Diasamidze. It no longer serves this function, as current tradition requires a throne for the Georgian patriarch to be in the centre of the church.

Burials in the Cathedral

Svetitskhoveli was not only the site of the coronation of the Georgian kings but also served as their burial place. Ten are known to have been buried here, although only six tombs have been found, all before the altar. The tomb of King Vakhtang Gorgasali can be identified by his the small candle fortress standing before it. King Erekle II’s tomb is identifiable by the sword and shield upon it. His son, George XII was the last king of Georgia and his marble tomb is next to his father’s. Also in front of the altar are tombs of David VI, George VIII, Luarsab I and various members of the Bagrationi royal family including Tamar, the first wife of George XI, whose epitaph dating from 1684 is written both in Georgian (Asomtavruli) and Arabic script.

Images

Notes

1. ^ Dowling, T.E. Sketches of Georgian Church History
2. ^ ^{a b} Rosen, Roger. Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus. Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong, 1999.
3. ^ The Treasures of Tbilisi, New York Times. September 30, 1990.

References

• Abashidze, Irakli. Ed. Georgian Encyclopedia. Vol. IX. Tbilisi, Georgia: 1985.
• Amiranashvili, Shalva. History of Georgian Art. Khelovneba: Tbilisi, Georgia: 1961.
• Grigol Khantsteli. Chronicles of Georgia.
• The Treasures of Tbilisi, New York Times. September 30, 1990.
• Rosen, Roger. Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus. Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong, 1999. ISBN 9622177484

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Svetitskhoveli

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Buyeo Pung, known as Fuyo H?sh? (????^?) in Japan, was one of the sons of King Uija of Baekje. When Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, fell to the alliance of Silla and Tang Dynasty in 660, he was in the Wa state of Japan as an embassador and hostage to ensure the alliance between Japan and Baekje - Japan or Wa was a colony of Baekje/Kudara at the time. However, it should be noted that there is much dispute about this. “Buyeo” was the family name of the Baekje rulers.

He came back with Japanese army and Yamato general Abe no Hirafu to revive the country. General Boksin of Baekje revival forces gave him the title King Pungjang (???). He joined forces with the Baekje resistance led by a general Boksin. In 663, however, the Baekje resistance and Japan lost the Battle of Baekgang to the army of Tang and Silla, and Baekje collapsed. The prince fled to neighboring Goguryeo. When Goguryeo collapsed, he was captured by the Tang army and sent to southern China in exile. His later life is unknown.

His younger brother Zenk? (?? or ??) served for Japan and was given the family name Kudara no Konikishi (???; king of Baekje) by the emperor of Japan.

Note

1. ^ (in Korean) Samguk Sagi. http://www.koreandb.net/sam/bon/samkuk/04_280_2001521.htm. “????? ?????? ????” 

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Paul Kerr Baldwin (born July 18, 1973, in Epsom, Surrey) is an international cricket umpire from Germany.

He is a member of the ICC Associates and Affiliates International Umpires Panel. He made his ODI officiating debut on 5 August 2006 in the match between Scotland and Ireland. To date, he has officiated in 3 ODIs.

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2007)

Izz al-Din (Arabic: ?? ?????) “strengthener of religion”, is an honorific title derived from “Mu’izz al-Din” which may be incorporated into Arabic names or used as a given name or surname. Name variants include Izzedine and Ezzedine.

People

• Izz al-Din Usama, 12th century Jordanian architect.
• Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir, 12-13th century Islamic historian.
• Izz al-Din Kaykaus II, 13th century Seljuq Sultan of Rûm.
• Izz al-Din Aydamir al-Jaldaki, 14th century Persian physician.
• Izz al-Din ibn Rukn al-Din Mahmud, 14th century Mihrabanid Malik of Sistan.
• Izz ad-Din al-Qassam, (1882-1935) Assassinated Syrian-Palestinian resistance figure.
• Izzedine Salim, (1943-2004) Assassinated Iraqi writer and politician.
• Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil, (1963-2004) Assassinated Palestinian resistance figure.
• Azzedine Alaia, Tunisian fashion designer.

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James “Jim” Bett (born 25 November 1959 in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who predominantly played for Aberdeen. He played in central or left midfield.

Bett was a Scottish Schoolboy internationalist, who started his career with Airdrieonians before moving to Icelandic side Valur in 1978. A year later he joined K.S.C. Lokeren (282) in Belgium before Rangers manager John Greig paid £150,000 to sign him for the Glasgow club in 1980. In three seasons at Ibrox he won a Scottish Cup winners medal (1980-81) and a League Cup winners medal (1982-83). During this spell he also earned his first selection for the Scotland national side, making the first of 25 appearances in 1982.

Bett returned to his native land in 1985, joining Alex Ferguson’s Aberdeen in 1985 for £300,000. During his time with the Dons he collected winners medals in the 1985-86 and 1989-90 seasons for both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup. He left Pittodrie in 1994, after making almost 300 first-team appearances, and moved to KR Reykjavík. He won the Icelandic Cup with KR but left at the end of the 1994 Icelandic season to join Hearts, with whom he played the 1994-95 Scottish season. He retired in 1996, after a final season with Dundee United.

Bett met his Icelandic wife during his time playing for Valur and has maintained a close connection with Iceland since. His sons Baldur and Calum, also both professional footballers, were born there and have represented the country at Under-19 level. Coincidentally, Bett’s only goal for Scotland occurred in a 1-0 win over Iceland in Reykjavík in 1985.

In 2003, Bett was inducted into the Aberdeen FC Hall of Fame as one of the founding members.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Lamming, Douglas (1987) (Hardback). A Scottish Soccer Internationalists Who’s Who, 1872-1986. Hutton Press. (ISBN 0-907033-47-4). 
2. ^ ^{a b} “News Archive”. Bob Dunning 1970-71 Football review. 2005-09-30. http://ds.dial.pipex.com/bob.dunning/news58.htm. 

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British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS)

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This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from other articles related to it. (February 2009)

The British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS) was a group established in 1969 to stimulate an awareness of the social significance of science. Members were primarily scientists or those active in academic poilitics.

Among groups that were particularly active in BSSRS were members of

• Scientists against the Bomb
• CND
• Radical Statistics
• the Open University
• the London School of Economics (LSE)

Topics of concern to BSSRS included the following:

• scientists’ individual and collective responsibilities
• political, social and economic factors affecting science and technology
• the need to draw the attention of the public to the implications and consequences of scientific development, thereby creating an informed public.

BSSRS’s inaugural meeting, sponsored by 64 Fellows, was held at the Royal Society, and attended by more than 300, mostly UK scientists and engineers. Professor Maurice Wilkins was the founding President (1969-91).

BSSRS published a newssheet (1969-72), continued by Science for the People, (1972/3), and also had local societies and organized public meetings, as well as publishing longer research monographs. See Burhop (1971); Dickson (1971). See also Rose and Rose (1969); Pirani (1970); Werskey (1971); Fuller (ed.) (1971) and Rose (2003).

This biographical article about an activist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_for_Social_Responsibility_in_Science_(BSSRS)”
Categories: Activist stubsHidden categories: Orphaned articles from February 2009 | All orphaned articles

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