Texas’ Nineteenth Congressional District of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves the upper midwestern portion of the state of Texas The district includes portions of the State from Lubbock to Abilene. The current Representative from the 19th District is Republican Randy Neugebauer.
District 19’s current boundaries were drawn up during the controversial 2003 Texas State Legislature Redistricting made famous by the so-called Texas Eleven. The district was redrawn in such a way that two Congressional incumbents, Neugebauer and Democrat Charlie Stenholm, were pitted against one another in the 2004 Congressional elections. Neugebauer won with over 58% of the vote.
Geography
The district is at an awkward position, as the result of the 2003 Texas State Redistricting. The border runs along the western boundary with New Mexico, and runs along county borders to include far reaching cities. The area is predominantly rural, with the exceptions of Abilene and Lubbock, and includes many state parks, ranches, and farms.
Election results
US House election, 2006: Texas District 19
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Republican
Randy Neugebauer
92,811
68
+9.6
Democratic
Robert Ricketts
40,853
30
-10.0
Libertarian
Fred Jones
3,300
2
+.5
Majority
48,558
38.0
Turnout
136,964
Republican hold
Swing
US House election, 2004: Texas District 19
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Republican
Randy Neugebauer
136,459
58.4
-33.2
Democratic
Charles Stenholm
93,531
40.0
+40.0
Libertarian
Richard Peterson
3,524
1.5
+6.9
Majority
42,928
18.4
Turnout
233,514
Republican hold
Swing
-36.6
v•d•e
Texas’s congressional districts
All districts: At-large 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 The At-large district is obsolete. See also: Texas’s past & present Representatives, Senators, and Delegations, 2008 elections
All U.S. districts – Apportionment – Redistricting – Gerrymandering – Maps
This United States Congress-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%27s_19th_congressional_district”
Categories: Congressional districts of Texas | United States Congress stubsHidden categories: Texas articles missing geocoordinate data | All articles needing coordinates
This page was last modified on 6 December 2009 at 02:14.
Marcelino Macedo Vespeira (Samouco, Alcochete, 9 September 1925- Lisbon, 22 February 2002) was a Portuguese painter.
He started to paint in the neo-realist or social realism style, since 1945, but moved to the Surrealist Group, organized in Lisbon, in 1947, were he was one of the leading names. He latter painted also in a more abstract style.
This artist-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelino_Vespeira”
Categories: Artist stubs | 1925 births | 2002 deaths | Portuguese painters | Surrealist artists
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(Redirected from Debra McMichael)
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Debra Marshall
Ring name(s)
Debra
Debra McMichael
Debra Williams
Queen Debra
Billed height
5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)
Billed weight
120 lb (54 kg)
Born
March 2, 1960 (1960-03-02)(age 50)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Resides
Alabama
Billed from
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Debut
1996
Retired
2002
Debra Gale Marshall (born March 2, 1960) is an American actress and former professional wrestling manager and WWE Diva. Arguably best known by her ring name, Debra, she gained recognition for her appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) between 1998 and 2002.
She began her career in professional wrestling in 1996, accompanying her husband Steve “Mongo” McMichael to the ring in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). She joined the WWF in 1998, where she managed the tag team of Jeff Jarrett and Owen Hart. In 1999, she won the WWF Women’s Championship from Sable in an Evening Gown match. She later appeared on-screen with her second husband Stone Cold Steve Austin until 2002, when the duo left the company. In addition to her wrestling career, Marshall has had small acting roles and formerly competed in beauty pageants.
Contents
1Professional wrestling career
1.1World Championship Wrestling (1996–1997)
1.2World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (1998–2002)
1.2.1Manager of Jeff Jarrett; Women’s Champion (1998–1999)
1.2.2Sporadic appearances (1999–2002)
2Other media
3Personal life
4In wrestling
5Championships and accomplishments
6Filmography
7Footnotes
8References
9External links
Professional wrestling career
World Championship Wrestling (1996–1997)
In 1996, Marshall joined World Championship Wrestling (WCW) with her husband, Steve “Mongo” McMichael. She became known as the “Queen of WCW,” a character based on her real-life participation in beauty pageants. At The Great American Bash in June, Mongo and his partner Kevin Greene competed against The Four Horsemen (Ric Flair and Arn Anderson). Flair won the match after Mongo and Debra turned on Greene by hitting him with a steel briefcase, joining the Horsemen. The briefcase later became one of Debra’s signature objects. At Bash at the Beach in July 1997, Debra turned on Mongo during his WCW United States Heavyweight Championship match against Jeff Jarrett by handing Jarrett the steel briefcase, which he then used to knock Mongo out and thus win the match. Next, Debra briefly managed Goldberg and Alex Wright. After her divorce from McMichael, Debra joined the WWF.
World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (1998–2002)
Manager of Jeff Jarrett; Women’s Champion (1998–1999)
In 1998, Marshall rejoined Jarrett in the WWF. At the beginning of her WWF career, known simply as Debra, she playedthe part of a shrewd businesswoman, wearing business suits. She also played the part of Jarrett’s girlfriend. In late 1998, Jarrett began a feud with Goldust that culminated in December at Rock Bottom: In Your House in a “Striptease match”. During the match, Debra hit Goldust over the head with Jarrett’s trademark guitar, enabling Jarrett to win. WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels, however, disqualified Jarrett, and Debra had to strip due to the match’s stipulations. As she stripped, The Blue Blazer (Owen Hart) and Jarrett covered her up. Debra, however, began utilizing a new strategy during matches, distracting Jarrett’s opponents by unbuttoning her blouse. She would willingly take off her blouse to show the crowd her “puppies”, a nickname originally bestowed upon her chest by wrestler Road Dogg and later utilized by commentator Jerry Lawler.
The strategy helped Jarrett and partner Hart defeat The Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock to become World Tag Team Champions in January 1999. In February, Debra feuded with female professional wrestler Ivory, and Jarrett and Hart retained the tag title in a tag match against Ivory’s associates Mark Henry and D’Lo Brown at St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. In March, the team lost their tag title to the team of Kane and X-Pac. As Debra continued to manage Jarrett and Hart, a potential storyline developed where Hart and Debra would have an affair, but the idea was vetoed by the creative team before it played out on-screen. A team name was also in the works—Debra favoring “Talent and Attitude” (T&A)—but Hart died in May 1999 at Over the Edge. Later in the event, Debra and Jarrett lost a mixed tag team match against Nicole Bass and Val Venis.
On May 10, 1999, Debra won the Women’s Championship from Sable in an Evening Gown match. Usually, in an Evening Gown match, the woman who forcibly removes her opponent’s dress wins. Because Sable removed Debra’s dress, she therefore should have been the winner. Commissioner Shawn Michaels, however, ruled that he considered the woman who had lost her dress the winner, crowning Debra the new Women’s Champion. Debra lost the Women’s Title to Ivory on June 14, due to interference from Nicole Bass.
At SummerSlam in 1999 Jarrett faced D’Lo Brown. During the match, Debra and Brown’s former tag-team partner Mark Henry interfered on Jarrett’s behalf, allowing him to win both the European Championship and the Intercontinental Championship. The following night, Jarrett awarded Henry the European title and gave Debra an assistant, Miss Kitty. At Unforgiven on September 26, Debra turned on Jarrett and hit him over the head with a guitar in the middle of his match against Chyna for the Intercontinental Championship. Chyna pinned Jarrett, but referee Tom Prichard overturned the decision due to Debra’s involvement.
Sporadic appearances (1999–2002)
Debra appeared sporadically thereafter, but she participated in an eight-women Sudden Death match at Survivor Series in 1999 where she teamed with The Fabulous Moolah, Mae Young, and Tori. Debra stayed off television while her new husband Stone Cold Steve Austin recovered from neck surgery. She reappeared in April 2000, acting as a guest ring announcer at Backlash. In the fall of that year she played the role of Lieutenant Commissioner, the assistant of Commissioner Mick Foley.
Meanwhile, the marriage became incorporated into on-screen storylines, and on an episode of Raw, Stone Cold and Debra took on Matt Hardy and Lita. Debra and Lita fought outside the ring until Stone Cold pinned Hardy to win the match. She appeared sporadically thereafter, and left the company in June 2002 with Austin.
Other media
Debra’s appearance as a policewoman in Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation
Before becoming involved in wrestling, Marshall studied acting in Texas. Her first acting jobs involved commercials and two music videos for country musician George Strait. She also had a small role in the 1994 film Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation as a policewoman. The producers originally offered her the lead in the film, but when the director’s first choice changed her mind and accepted the role, Marshall was given the small role instead.
On March 10, 2002, Marshall appeared on an episode of The Weakest Link alongside several other members of the WWE roster. She also appeared in Just Another Romantic Wrestling Comedy as “Jenny”. In addition, she has a role in the 2010 film Gathering of Heroes.
Personal life
Raised in West Blocton, Alabama, Marshall became a track-runner, cheerleader, and Homecoming Queen in high school before attending the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York. She then became a flight attendant. Before becoming involved in wrestling, she competed in beauty pageants, becoming runner-up for Miss Texas USA in 1984. She was both Miss Texas and Miss Illinois.
Marshall was married to the National Football League alumnus and professional wrestler Steve McMichael for ten years. (McMichael’s mother, whom Marshall met on an airplane, set up their first meeting as a blind date.) They divorced on October 12, 1998.
Debra and Steve Williams (known on-screen as Stone Cold Steve Austin) met in 1998 and moved in together in 2000. On September 6 of that year, they married at The Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, and she changed her name to Debra Williams. On June 15, 2002, police responded to a call to the couple’s residence in San Antonio, Texas, and they found Debra with bruises and a bloody nose. On August 14, the authorities arrested Austin and charged him with misdemeanor assault. He pled no contest on November 25 and received a year’s probation, a $1,000 fine, and an order to carry out eighty hours of community service. Austin filed for divorce on July 22, 2002. Marshall later auctioned her wedding ring off on eBay and donated the proceeds ($27,100) to “Safe Place”, a legal clinic which assists the victims of domestic abuse.
In June and July 2007, Marshall made several appearances to discuss the Chris Benoit double murder and suicide. She described steroids and drugs as the cause of Stone Cold hitting her in June 2002 and suggested links between such substances and the death of Benoit and his family. She also alleged that Austin beat her three times. Marshall told Fox News that WWE put a gag order on her so she would not reveal that Stone Cold hit her, as it would cost the company millions of dollars.
In wrestling
Wrestlers managed
Stone Cold Steve Austin
D’Lo Brown
Chyna
Ric Flair
Eddie Guerrero
Owen Hart
Jeff Jarrett
Dean Malenko
Steve McMichael
The Rock
Alex Wright
Managers
The Kat
Championships and accomplishments
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Manager of the Year (1999)
PWI Woman of the Year (1999)
World Wrestling Federation
WWF Women’s Championship (1 time)
Filmography
Film
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1994
Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation
Cop At Bud’s Pizza
1999
Beyond the Mat
Herself
2006
Just Another Romantic Wrestling Comedy
Jennie/Dancer
2010
Gathering of Heroes: Legend of the Seven Swords
Reina
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1999
Biography
Herself
Episode: “The Life and Death of Owen Hart”
Teen Choice Awards
Presenter
2002
Mad TV
Herself
Episode 7.15
Weakest Link
Herself
Episode: “WWF Superstars Edition 2″
2007
Inside Edition
Herself
Footnotes
^ abcdShields, Brian and Kevin Sullivan (2009). WWE Encyclopedia. DK/BradyGAMES. p. 75. ISBN 9780756641900.
^ abcd“Steve Williams and Debra’s Marriage Certificate”. The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/stonecoldcert1.html. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
^ abc Stone Cold Steve Austin. The Stone Cold Truth (p.185–186)
^ Dumas, Amy. Lita: A Less Traveled R.O.A.D., p.75.
^Great American Bash ‘96. . Turner Home Entertainment. 1996.
^“2007 Wrestling Almanac & Book of Facts”. Wrestling’s historical cards (Kappa Publishing): pp. 144. 2007.
^ abcdefghijChamberlin, Thomas (December 2001). “Getting a leg up”. Wrestling Digest. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCO/is_4_3/ai_80302528/. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^Powell, John (July 14, 1997). “Rodman, Hogan Bashed At Beach”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingArchive/jul14_beach.html. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
^Powell, John (October 27, 1997). “Hogan pays the Piper”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingArchive/oct26_havoc.html. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
^ abcMcCoy, Heath (2005). Pain and Passion: The History of Stampede Wrestling. CanWest Books. p. 251. ISBN 097367198X.
^ Lawler, Jerry. It’s Good to Be the King … Sometimes, p. 261.
^“World Tag Title History: Hart and Jarrett’s Reign”. World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/worldtagteam/30445413213122. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
^Powell, John (February 15, 1999). “McMahon makes a Giant mistake”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingArchive/feb15_massacre.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^“World Tag Title History: Kane and X-Pac’s Reign”. World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/worldtagteam/304454132153. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
^ ab“Women’s Championship Title History: Debra’s Reign”. World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/women/304454132121112114. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
^ abcMr. X (May 15, 1999). “WWF body slams NBA game”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingArchive/may15_mrx.html. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
^“Women’s Title History: Ivory’s Reign”. World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/women/3044541321211126. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
^ abPowell, John (August 23, 1999). “Foley new champ at SummerSlam”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingArchive/aug23_fol.html. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
^ Lawler, Jerry. It’s Good to Be the King … Sometimes, p. 337.
^ abYang, Rich (September 17, 1999). “HHH regains title at Unforgiven”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingArchive/sep27_unforgiven.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^Powell, John (May 1, 2000). “Rock victorious at Backlash, Game Over for Triple H”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingPPV/may1_backlash.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ ab Dumas, Amy. Lita: A Less Traveled R.O.A.D., p.261–263.
^ Stone Cold Steve Austin. The Stone Cold Truth (p.259)
^“WWF Superstars Edition 2″. The Weakest Link. March 10, 2002.
^Just Another Romantic Wrestling Comedy. . Victory Audio/Video Services. March 6, 2007.
^“Debra plays Reina”. http://www.gatheringofheroesmovie.com/. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
^“Stone Cold surrenders to authorities”. The Smoking Gun. 2002-08-14. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/stonecold1.html. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
^ ab“Stone Cold Plea”. The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/stonecoldplea1.html. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
^“Stone Cold Divorce Papers”. The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/stonedivorce1.html. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
^Baines, Tim (March 14, 2004). “Benoit’s night … unless Triple H has his way”. SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2004/03/14/382348.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ ab“Pro Wrestling Wife Claims Drug Abuse, Domestic Violence ‘Out of Hand in the WWE’”. FOX News. 2007-06-27. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,286924,00.html. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
^ ab“Debra Marshall, Ex-wife of Stone Cold Steve Austin Tells What Really Goes on in Pro-Wrestling World”. FOX News. June 29, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,287361,00.html. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
References
Dumas, Amy (2004). Lita: A Less Traveled R.O.A.D.–The Reality of Amy Dumas. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 074347399X.
Lawler, Jerry (2002). It’s Good to Be the King…Sometimes. WWE Books. ISBN 978-0743457682.
Stone Cold Steve Austin and Jim Ross (2003). The Stone Cold Truth. Pocket Books. ISBN 0743477200.
External links
Debra Marshall at the Internet Movie Database
v•d•e
WWE Women’s Champions
The Fabulous Moolah · Wendi Richter · Leilani Kai · Velvet McIntyre · Sensational Sherri · Rockin’ Robin · Alundra Blayze · Bull Nakano · Bertha Faye · Jacqueline · Sable ·Debra · Ivory · Miss Kitty · Hervina · Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley · Lita · Chyna · Trish Stratus · Jazz · Molly Holly · Victoria · Gail Kim · Mickie James · Melina · Candice Michelle · Beth Phoenix · Michelle McCool (current)
Persondata
NAME
Marshall, Debra
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Debra McMichael, Debra Williams, Debra
SHORT DESCRIPTION
DATE OF BIRTH
March 2, 1960 (1960-03-02)(age 50)
PLACE OF BIRTH
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra_Marshall”
Categories: 1960 births | American film actors | Beauty pageant contestants | Female professional wrestlers | Living people | People from Tuscaloosa, Alabama | Professional wrestling managers and valets
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Brian Corcoran
Personal information
Irish Name
Brian Ó Corcráin
Sport
Dual player
Football Position
Half-back
Hurling Position
Centre Back, Full Forward
Date of birth
23 March 1973 (1973-03-23)(age 36)
Place of birth
Glounthaune, County Cork
Height
6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Nickname
BC
Club information
Club
Erin’s Own
Club(s)*
Years
Club
Apps (scores)
1991-2006
Erin’s Own
Inter County(ies)**
Years
County
Apps (scores)
1993-1998
1992-2001
2004-2006
Cork (F)
Cork (H)
Cork (H)
17 (0-0)
37 (6-26)
Inter County Titles
Football
Hurling
Munster titles
3
5
All Irelands
0
3
All Stars
0
3
* club appearances and scores
correct as of .
**Inter County team apps and scores correct
as of (21:57, 15 November 2006 (UTC)).
Brian Corcoran (born 23 March 1973) is a former Irish sportsman. He played hurling and Gaelic football with Erin’s Own and Cork in the 1990s and 2000s.
Contents
1Early life
2Playing career
2.1Minor and Under-21
2.2Senior dual player
2.3Retirement
2.4Comeback
3References
4Teams
Early life
Brian Corcoran was born in Caherlag, Glounthaune, County Cork in 1973. He was educated at the local primary school, Midleton CBS and Cork Regional Technical College where he qualified with an honours degree in Computer Applications. He currently works as an IT Manager. In his youth Corcoran showed a natural talent as an all-round sportsman. Naturally he played hurling and Gaelic football with his local club, however, he also played soccer with Leeside F.C. as well as being an accomplished snooker player, golfer and attained a black belt in Tae-Kwon-Do. Corcoran’s talent at Gaelic games quickly reaped rewards, and he won a number of East Cork under-12 and under-14 honours in both codes. It was during his tenure at Midleton CBS, however, that his flair for hurling really developed. In 1987 he captained the school hurling side to victory in the Rice Cup, before joining the Cork under-14 hurling team for the Tony Forrestal tournament. More success came in 1988 when Corcoran made the school’s Harty Cup team and made it all the way to the final before being beaten by St. Kieran’s College from Kilkenny.
Playing career
Minor and Under-21
A few weeks after the Harty Cup defeat Corcoran was invited to try out for the Cork minor hurling team. As he was only 15 years-old at the time he reluctantly declined, however, he was persuaded at the second time of asking a few weeks later. To his surprise he was immediately accepted onto the panel and the starting fifteen. Corcoran won a Munster minor title after just a few weeks as a player, however, his side lost the All-Ireland final to Kilkenny. In 1989 Corcoran’s minor hurling adventure was short-lived as Cork lost the first of the Munster Championship. He was later invited onto the Cork minor football team, however, there was no joy for Corcoran as a footballer in 1989 either.
In 1990 Corcoran was now a major fixture on both the minor hurling and football sides. With the footballers he lost the Munster final, however, he won his second Munster minor hurling medal. The All-Ireland final against Kilkenny ended in a draw, however, Corcoran broke his ankle in a Junior B club game the week before the replay which Cork lost. It was around this time that Corcoran was coming under pressure from his local club, Erin’s Own to join the senior panel. However, since he was only 17 years-old he decided to wait another year. When he did join the club’s senior team in 1991 Corcoran immediately came to the attention of the Cork senior hurling selectors who invited him to play a challenge game against Dublin. He was even more impressive in the challenge game and was nearly picked on the Cork team that was to play in the Munster final. However, since Corcoran had only played one senior county game and a challenge match he was left out of the team. Corcoran did win Munster and All-Ireland honours with the minor footballers that year, before rounding off the year with a Munster under-21 hurling title.
Senior dual player
In 1992 Corcoran became a regular feature on the Cork senior hurling team in National Hurling League games. He impressed the selectors so much during these games that he made his senior championship debut in the Munster Final that year. His opposite number was Pat Fox, the 1991 Hurler of the Year and a two-time All-Ireland medal winner. Corcoran completely outplayed Fox and ended the day with his first senior Munster Championship medal. Corcoran’s side later qualified for the All-Ireland final, which they lost to a Kilkenny team once again. The year finished on a high for Corcoran. His club side, Erin’s Own, won the Cork County Championship for the very first time against all the odds. As a result of this victory Erin’s Own had the choice of naming the Cork captain for the following year and Corcoran was their first choice. More accolades were to come for Corcoran as he was awarded the prestigious Texaco Hurler of the Year award. It was only the fourth time in the history of the award that a non-All-Ireland winning player claimed the award. He was also the youngest person ever to win the Texaco award, a record which still stands. Corcoran also won his first All-Star Award in 1992 at Corner Back.
As captain in 1993, Corcoran led Cork to a National Hurling League title, however, the side lost their Munster title. It was the beginning of a barren spell for Cork’s hurlers, however, in 1993 Corcoran joined the senior Gaelic football team. In his first year he won a Munster Championship title before losing the All-Ireland final to Derry. Corcoran claimed his second consecutive Munster football medal in 1994, as well as Munster and All-Ireland Under-21 football medals. It was three Munster football medals in-a-row for Corcoran in 1995, however, Dublin were victorious in the All-Ireland semi-final. Corcoran remained on the football team until 1998 when he retired to concentrate on his hurling career which was on the way up, beginning with a National League title in 1998.
By 1999 the Cork hurlers’s period in the doldrums was over. A victory over Clare brought Corcoran his second Munster senior hurling medal since 1992. Cork eventually went on to win the All-Ireland final with one of the youngest teams of all-time. Corcoran had finally secured the elusive All-Ireland medal at senior level. Corcoran rounded off the year with as second All-Star at Centre Back and a second Texaco Hurler of the Year award. In 2000 Cork were still the standard-bearers and Corcoran claimed a third Munster hurling medal. Following Cork’s shock defeat at the hands of Offaly in the All-Ireland semi-final of Corcoran announced that he was contemplating retiring from the game. He remained on the panel for the 2001 championship but injury meant that he played little part. At the end of the season he dropped a bombshell and announced that he was quitting inter-county hurling, but would continue to play for his club, Erin’s Own, for another season.
Retirement
In retirement Corcoran withdrew completely from the life of an inter-county star. He concentrated on his family life and career and didn’t attend any hurling or football games. In 2003 the new hurling manager, Donal O’Grady, approached Corcoran asking him to return to the senior team. Corcoran’s answer was an emphatic no, however, following Cork’s loss to Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final Corcoran began to have second thoughts. He started training over the winter and let it be known that he intended to return to club and inter-county hurling.
Comeback
In 2004 Corcoran made an amazing comeback onto the Cork hurling team. Given his protracted absence from the game he was taking a huge gamble in making himself available. He made his second ‘debut’ for Cork as a substitute in a National League game against Waterford in the spring of 2004. His coming out of retirement was met with a warm welcome from all of Cork’s hurling supporters. His absence from the game for two years meant that he wasn’t named in the starting line-up for the 2004 Munster championship game against Limerick, however, when Cork were struggling in the second-half Corcoran was introduced as a substitute and went on to score a memorable point from his knees. While the side later lost the Munster final Cork went on to win the All-Ireland title. It was Corcoran’s second All-Ireland medal and an All-Star at full forward soon followed. His gamble had paid off. In 2005 Cork became the standard-bearers in hurling. Corcoran won a fourth Munster title before winning a second consecutive All-Ireland title - his third in all.
By 2006 thoughts had turned to Cork completing the three-in-a-row. Corcoran had contemplated retiring again following the 2005 final, however, he decided to stay on for one more season. Corcoran won another Munster medal, however, although Cork reached the All-Ireland final again, they were stopped in their bid for three-in-a-row. Immediately thoughts turned to Corcoran’s retirement from the game again, however, he remained tight-lipped. Later in 2006 his club, Erin’s Own won the Cork County Championship for a second time. In spite of being the front-runner to be named captain of the senior hurling team in 2007 Corcoran announced his inter-county retirement in November 2006 at the launch of his autobiography ‘Every Single Ball.’ He continued to play with Erin’s Own in the Munster club championship, however, following their loss to Toomevara in the Munster club final he ended his club hurling career.
In November 2006, Corcoran published his autobiography, Every Single Ball: The Brian Corcoran Story.
References
^Corcoran, Brian; Shannon, Kieran (2006). Every Single Ball: The Brian Corcoran Story. Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1845962001.
1 G. Cunningham |2 S. O’Gorman |3 D. Mulcahy |4 B. Corcoran |5 C. Casey |6 J. Cashman |7 D. Walsh |8 P. Buckley |9 S. McCarthy |10 T. McCarthy |11 T. Mulcahy |12 T. O’Sullivan |13 G. FitzGerald (Capt.) |14 J. Fitzgibbon |15 K. Hennessy | Subs used: P. Hartnett for D. Walsh |G. Manley for G. FitzGerald |M. Foley for P. Buckley | Subs not used: T. Kingston |T. Kelleher |D. Quirke |B. O’Sullivan |B. Sheehan | Manager: Fr. M. O’Brien |
v•d•e
Cork - All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Runners-up 1993
1 J. Kerins |2 N. Cahalane |3 M. O’Connor |4 B. Corcoran |5 C. O’Sullivan |6 S. O’Brien |7 T. Davis |8 S. Fahy |9 T. McCarthy |10 D. Davis |11 J. Kavanagh |12 B. Coffey |13 C. Corkery |14 J. O’Driscoll |15 M. McCarthy | Subs used: D. Culloty for T. McCarthy |J. Cleary for M. McCarthy |C. Counihan for C. Corkery | Subs not used: K. O’Dwyer |M. Farr |L. Honohan |P. Coleman |P. Hegarty |B. Murphy | Manager: B. Morgan |
v•d•e
Cork - All-Ireland Senior Hurling Champions 1999 (28th title)
1 D. Óg Cusack |2 F. Ryan |3 D. O’Sullivan |4 J. Browne |5 W. Sherlock |6 B. Corcoran |7 S. Óg Ó hAilpín |8 M. O’Connell |9 M. Landers (Capt.) |10 T. McCarthy |11 F. McCormack |12 N. Ronan |13 B. O’Connor |14 J. Deane |15 S. McGrath | Subs used:A. Browne for N. Ronan |K. Murray for M. Landers | Subs not used:B. Rochford |J. Sheehan |P. Ryan |B. Lombard |D. Barrett | Manager: J. Barry-Murphy | Selectors: T. Cashman | J. Crowley |
v•d•e
Cork - All-Ireland Senior Hurling Champions 2004 (29th title)
1 D. Óg Cusack |2 W. Sherlock |3 D. O’Sullivan |4 B. Murphy |5 J. Gardiner |6 R. Curran |7 S. Óg Ó hAilpín |8 T. Kenny |9 J. O’Connor |10 B. O’Connor (C) |11 N. McCarthy |12 T. McCarthy |13 K. Murphy |14 B. Corcoran |15 J. Deane | Subs used: 17 J. Browne for B. Murphy | Subs not used: 16 P. Morrissey |18 P. Mulcahy |19 C. O’Connor |20 G. Callinan |21 P. Tierney |22 M. O’Connell |23 G. McCarthy |24 J. Anderson |25 M. Coleman |26 M. Byrne |27 J.P. King |28 J. Bowles |29 J. O’Callaghan | Manager: D. O’Grady | Selectors: S. O’Leary | P. Morrissey | J. Allen | F. Sheedy | Trainers: S. McGrath | J. Wallis |
v•d•e
Cork - All-Ireland Senior Hurling Champions 2005 (30th title)
1 D. Óg Cusack |2 P. Mulcahy |3 D. O’Sullivan |4 B. Murphy |5 J. Gardiner |6 R. Curran |7 S. Óg Ó hAilpín (C) |8 T. Kenny |9 J. O’Connor |10 B. O’Connor |11 N. McCarthy |12 T. McCarthy |13 K. Murphy |14 B. Corcoran |15 J. Deane | Subs used: 20 N. Ronan for K. Murphy |21 K. Murphy for N. McCarthy | Subs not used: 16 P. Morrissey |17 C. O’Connor |18 W. Sherlock |19 G. Callinan |22 J. O’Callaghan |23 P. Kelly |24 K. Hartnett |25 M. Coleman |26 R. McGregor |27 J. Browne | Manager: J. Allen | Selectors: G. Cunningham | P. Morrissey | J. O’Leary | F. Sheedy |
1 D. Óg Cusack |2 P. Mulcahy (C) |3 D. O’Sullivan |4 B. Murphy |5 J. Gardiner |6 R. Curran |7 S. Óg Ó hAilpín |8 T. Kenny |9 J. O’Connor |10 T. McCarthy |11 N. McCarthy |12 N. Ronan |13 B. O’Connor |14 B. Corcoran |15 J. Deane | Subs used: K. Murphy (Sarsfield’s) for N. Ronan |W. Sherlock for P. Mulcahy |C. O’Connor for K. Murphy (Sarsfield’s) |C. Naughton for T. McCarthy |C. Cusack for T. Kenny | Subs not used: A. Nash |K. Cronin |P. Kelly |K. Hartnett |C. McGann |M. Coleman |P. Cronin |S. O’Neill |K. Murphy (Erin’s Own) | Manager: J. Allen | Selectors: G. Cunningham | P. Morrissey | J. O’Leary | F. Sheedy |
v•d•e
All-Stars Hurler of the Year
1995: Brian Lohan ·1996: Larry O’Gorman ·1997: Jamesie O’Connor ·1998: Tony Browne ·1999: Brian Corcoran·2000: D. J. Carey ·2001: Tommy Dunne ·2002: Henry Shefflin ·2003: J. J. Delaney ·2004: Seán Óg Ó hAilpín ·2005: Jerry O’Connor ·2006: Henry Shefflin ·2007: Dan Shanahan ·2008: Eoin Larkin ·2009: Tommy Walsh
v•d•e
Texaco Hurler of the Year
1958: Tony Wall |1959: Christy Ring |1960: Nick O’Donnell |1961: Liam Devaney |1962: Donie Nealon |1963: Séamus Cleere |1964: John Doyle
1965: Jimmy Doyle |1966: Justin McCarthy |1967: Ollie Walsh |1968: Dan Quigley |1969: Ted Carroll |1970: Pat McDonnell |1971: Babs Keating
1972: Eddie Keher |1973: Éamonn Grimes |1974: Pat Henderson |1975: Chunky O’Brien |1976: Tony Doran |1977: Denis Coughlan |1978: John Horgan
1979: Ger Henderson |1980: Joe Connolly |1981: Pat Delaney |1982: Noel Skehan |1983: Frank Cummins |1984: John Fenton |1985: Eugene Coughlan
1986: Ger Cunningham |1987: Joe Cooney |1988: Tony Keady |1989: Nicky English |1990: Tony O’Sullivan |1991: Pat Fox |1992: Brian Corcoran
1993: D. J. Carey |1994: Brian Whelahan |1995: Seánie McMahon |1996: Larry O’Gorman |1997: Jamesie O’Connor |1998: Brian Whelahan
1999: Brian Corcoran |2000: D. J. Carey |2001: Tommy Dunne |2002: Henry Shefflin |2003: J. J. Delaney |2004: Seán Óg Ó hAilpín
2005: Jerry O’Connor |2006: Henry Shefflin |2007: Dan Shanahan |2008: Eoin Larkin ·2009: Tommy Walsh
v•d•e
1992 All-Star Hurling Team
1 T. Quaid |2 B. CorcoranHOTY |3 P. Dwyer |4 L. Simpson |5 B. Whelehan |6 C. Carey |7 W. O’Connor |8 M. Phelan
9 S. McCarthy |10 G. McGrattan |11 J. Power |12 T. O’Sullivan |13 M. Cleary |14 L. Fennelly |15 D.J. Carey
v•d•e
1999 All-Star Hurling Team
1 D. Óg Cusack |2 F. Ryan |3 D. O’Sullivan |4 F. Lohan |5 B. Whelehan |6 B. CorcoranHOTY
7 P. Barry |8 A. Comerford |9 T. Dunne |10 D. J. Carey |11 J. Troy |12 B. McEvoy |13 S. McGrath |14 J. Deane |15 N. Gilligan
v•d•e
2004 All-Star Hurling Team
1 D. Fitzhenry |2 W. Sherlock |3 D. O’Sullivan |4 T. Walsh |5 J.J. Delaney |6 R. Curran |7 S. Ó hAilpínHOTY |8 K. McGrath
9 J. O’Connor |10 D. Shanahan |11 N. McCarthy |12 H. Shefflin |13 E. Kelly |14 B. Corcoran |15 P. Flynn
v•d•e
Cork Hurling Team of the Century (2000)
Ger Cunningham (Goalkeeper)
Jamesy Kelleher • Seán Óg Murphy • Brian Corcoran (Full-backs)
Tom Cashman • Jim O’Regan • Denis Coughlan (Half-backs)
Jack Lynch • Gerald McCarthy (Midfielders)
Eudie Coughlan • Josie Hartnett • Christy Ring (Half-forwards)
Johnny Quirke • Ray Cummins • Paddy Barry (Full-forwards)
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Corcoran”
Categories: 1973 in Gaelic games | 1973 births | Living people | Erin’s Own hurlers (Cork) | Erin’s Own Gaelic footballers (Cork) | Cork hurlers | CIT hurlers | Cork Gaelic footballers | Munster hurlers | 1992 All Star (hurling) | 1999 All Star (hurling) | 2004 All Star (hurling) | All Star Hurler of the year | People from County CorkHidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2008 | All articles lacking in-text citations | NPOV disputes from April 2008 | All NPOV disputes | BLP articles lacking sources | Articles lacking reliable references from April 2008 | All articles lacking sources
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Defender of the Crown is a strategy computer game designed by Kellyn Beck. It was Cinemaware’s first game, and was originally released for the Commodore Amiga in 1986, setting a new standard for graphic quality in home computer games.
In 1987 it was ported to DOS, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), Atari ST, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Macintosh and finally, the Apple IIGS in 1988. It was later ported to the CD-i.
Contents
1Gameplay
2Reception
3Ports
4Remakes
5Legacy
6References
7External links
Gameplay
The game is set in England in the Middle Ages where, following the death of the king, different factions are fighting for territorial control.
The fighting screen was one of the features added to the Atari ST version
The player assumes the role of a Saxon (Wilfred of Ivanhoe, Cedric of Rotherwood, Geoffrey Longsword or Wolfric the Wild) and tries to fight off the Norman hordes and wrestle for control of England. Eventually, the player must fight for control of all territories, and those controlled by other Saxons if they became your enemy. The player must amass armies and fight for control of opponents’ castles. The player may engage enemy armies in battle, loot or lay siege to opposing castles. From time to time the player may attempt to rescue a damsel in distress and can appeal for help from the legendary bandit Robin Hood.
The game’s strategy boils down to a war of attrition as the player tries to amass larger armies than his opponents and manages to attack their territories at the right time.
Due to financial strains, Cinemaware decided to release the initial version without all the features originally planned for because of their need for revenue. Some features were partially implemented, but were removed so the game could be shipped. Some additional features completed but never seen in the shipped game include flaming fireballs (launched via the catapult), more locations (more varied castles to attack) and more in-depth strategy. Some of these features were implemented in the ports of the game.
Jim Sachs, the primary artist for the game, showcased some of these features on the Amiga during interviews after the release of the game.
Reception
The high-quality graphics made the game a blockbuster; never before had such detailed, colorful and realistic graphics been seen on a home computer. The art direction by James D. Sachs set the game apart. Retrospectively, it can be said that the quality of graphics in the game is far from the highest that Amiga games later reached, but by 1986 standards, the results were admirable. The music by Jim Cuomo is also notable—though it failed to utilize the capabilities of Amiga’s sound chip, since the game did not feature digitized sound effects or instrument samples. Some reviewers complained about the “shallowness” of the game: the game could be finished in a very short time and after that there was nothing new to see. This problem was partially overcome with later conversions of the game.
Computer Gaming World lavished praise upon Defender of the Crown’s graphics and animation, calling the game “a showcase program to demonstrate the power of the Amiga to your friends.” Although the gameplay was not as complex as other strategy games of the time, the reviewer was still exceptionally pleased with Cinemaware’s first game.
An excerpt from Brian Bagnall’s On the Edge: the Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore captures the effect that seeing the game for the first time had on users:
Screenshot of a raid with graphics that were spectacular in 1986 (Amiga version).
Mical saw artist Jim Sachs push the Amiga to its full potential. “Jim Sachs, what a God he is,” marvels Mical. “Jim Sachs is amazing. These days everyone sees graphics like that because there are a lot of really good computer graphics artists now, but back then, 20 years ago, it was astonishing to have someone that good.”
The final game was a landmark in video game production values. As game designer Bob Lindstrom recalls, “The shock of seeing Defender for the first time was one of those experiences that changed the gaming stakes for all of us.”
Compared to other video games of the time, Defender of the Crown established a new level of quality. IBM had Kings Quest by Sierra On-Line, a decent but primitive adventure game. The Macintosh had games like Checkers or Backgammon, or board games like Risk. Defender of the Crown had richer graphics than any computer, console, or even arcade game could boast in 1986. It was a revelation.
Ports
The ports of the game, notably for DOS and the NES, resulted in an enormous loss in graphic and audio quality due to those systems’ inferior abilities compared to the Amiga. But these ports featured more in-depth strategic elements compared to the unfinished (see section below) original version. The Apple IIGS, Atari ST and Commodore 64 versions were ported with better success, the IIGS and ST versions’ graphics coming quite close to the Amiga version.
All ports:
Amiga
Amstrad CPC
Atari ST
Apple IIGS
Commodore 64
Game Boy Advance
Nintendo Entertainment System
Macintosh
DOS CGA (4 color) and EGA (16 color)
ZX Spectrum
CD-i
Remakes
After a string of successful games and game series, Cinemaware eventually went bankrupt (apparently, the owner’s fondness for developing for new platforms that never became popular led to a disruption of much-needed revenue). In 2000, however, Lars Fuhrken-Batista and Sean Vesce bought Cinemaware’s name and assets, and founded Cinemaware Inc., naming a remake of Defender of the Crown for modern PCs as one of the reformed company’s first projects. The new version, titled Robin Hood: Defender of the Crown was released in 2003 for the PlayStation 2 (September 30), Xbox (October 6) and Windows (October 15). The new company also created “Digitally Remastered Versions” of classic Cinemaware games, including Defender of the Crown.
In February 2007, an homage to the game called Defender of the Crown: Heroes Live Forever was released by eGames, who had acquired Cinemaware in 2005. Heroes Live Forever features many of the elements of the original game, including jousting and archery tournaments, raiding castles, rescuing princesses, and laying siege to enemy fortresses via catapult. A new addition to the game involved the use of Hero and Tactic cards during battles, giving the user’s army various upgrades during the on-screen melee.
Legacy
Defender of the Crown 2 was published by Commodore International in 1993 for the CDTV and Amiga CD32.
The Danish band Press Play on Tape remixed the theme music of the game, replacing the instrumental tune with proper medieval-sounding lyrics.
During the second half of 1980s, some games directly inspired by Defender of the Crown were released. Among these was for example Joan of Arc (Rainbow Arts, 1989).
References
^Lee, Wyatt (Jan-February 1987), “Defender of the Crown”, Computer Gaming World: 36–37, 68–69
^On the edge : the spectacular rise and fall of Commodore from WorldCat.org
^Defender of the Crown: Heroes Live Forever from eGames
External links
Cinemaware’s page for Robin Hood: Defender of the Crown
Cinemaware’s Defender of the Crown: Digitally Remastered Edition page
Defender of the Crown at MobyGames
Panda’s Defender of the Crown page
Defender of the Crown at the Open Directory Project
Defender of the Crown on the Amiga at The Hall of Light (HOL)
Legally distributed recordings of the Amiga version music
Macintosh Plus game gallery featuring DotC screenshots
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defender_of_the_Crown”
Categories: Strategy video games | Amiga games | Apple IIGS games | Nintendo Entertainment System games | Atari ST games | DOS games | Commodore 64 games | 1986 video games | CD-i games | Cinemaware games | Video games set in Medieval England | ZX Spectrum games | Amstrad CPC games | Game Boy Advance games | Mac OS games | Robin Hood video games
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This page was last modified on 25 December 2009 at 01:16.
“Euro-Vision” was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980, performed in French by Telex.
The song was performed nineteenth on the night, following Spain’s Trigo Limpio with “Quédate esta noche”. At the close of voting, it had received 14 points, placing 17th in a field of 19. The band were moderately pleased with the outcome of the Contest, but for a somewhat unusual reason. At the time lead singer Marc Moulin was quoted as saying: “We had hoped to finish last, but Portugal decided otherwise. We got ten points from them and finished on the 19th (sic!) spot“. In hindsight their participation in the Contest however seems to have served its marketing purposes; some thirty years on “Euro-Vision” still remains one of the band’s best-known songs, both in Belgium and internationally.
The song has in fact become known as one of the landmarks of Eurovision, as it was the first entry ever to mention the Contest by name as part of what is generally agreed to have been a send-up of the whole event (previous entries such as Schmetterlinge’s “Boom Boom Boomerang” had parodied the Contest without actually naming it). Further, in contrast to the upbeat and generally living entries submitted from other entrants, Telex performed from behind synthesisers and in a robotic - somewhat Kraftwerk-esque - manner.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the song remains controversial among fans. One school of thought is that, much as in the musical mainstream, robotic techno beats were still ahead of their time at the Contest. Another school of thought is that the time to send the entire institution up has still not arrived.
Telex released the song in French and English language versions and the band subsequently re-recorded the track for their first ‘greatest hits’ compilation More than Distance, also released in 1980, then retitled “Neurovision”. Furthermore, in 1993 Telex released their first CD box set, once again with a reference to their Eurovision participation back in 1980; the album was entitled Belgium…One Point.
It was succeeded as Belgian representative in the 1981 Contest by Emly Starr singing “Samson”.
A similarly controversial song, sending up the process of Eurovision, was entered by Lithuania in 2006, when LT United performed “We Are The Winners”, which repeatedly used the lyrics “We are the winners, of Eurovision … So you’ve got to vote, vote, vote, vote, vote for the winners”. This song joined an exclusive group of Eurovision songs to be booed by the live audience, but managed to reach 6th place in the final results.
Sources and external links
Official Eurovision Song Contest site, history by year, 1980.
Detailed info and lyrics, Diggiloo Thrush, “Euro-Vision”.
References
^ Telex —The Belgian Pop & Rock Archives, biography Telex
This article about music in Belgium is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro-Vision”
Categories: Belgian music stubs | Belgian Eurovision songs | Eurovision songs of 1980 | 1980 songs | French-language songs
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This page was last modified on 3 January 2010 at 02:52.
(Redirected from Infiniti Tournament of Champions)
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SBS Championship
Tournament information
Location
Kapalua, Hawaii
Established
1953
Course(s)
Plantation Course, Kapalua Resort
Par
73
Yardage
7,411
Tour(s)
PGA Tour
Format
Stroke play
Purse
$5,600,000
Month played
January
Tournament record score
Aggregate
261 Ernie Els (2003)
To-par
-31* Ernie Els (2003)
* PGA Tour record
Current champion
Geoff Ogilvy
The SBS Championship is the opening event of golf’s PGA Tour season. Founded as the Tournament of Champions in 1953, the field is restricted to golfers who won a tournament on the tour during the previous season.
The SBS Championship is held during the the first week of January and, since 1999, has been played over the Plantation Course at the Kapalua Resort near Lahaina on the island of Maui in Hawaii. Previous venues have been the Desert Inn Country Club in Las Vegas, Nevada, from the event’s inception until 1966, and the Stardust Country Club, also in Las Vegas, in 1967 and 1968. For the following thirty years, it was played at La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California, after which it moved to its current location in Hawaii.
The tournament has had several title sponsors, the first being Mutual of New York (MONY) between 1975 and 1990. After three years of sponsorship by Infiniti, German car maker Mercedes-Benz began a sixteen year association with the event and the Tournament of Champions name was dropped. In 2010 the tournament entered a new ten year agreement with Korean broadcasting company Seoul Broadcasting System, with the tournament being renamed as the SBS Championship.
Mercedes-Benz Championship results since 1970 - Winners, Finishers, Scores and Earnings
v•d•e
PGA Tour Events
Major championships in playing order: The Masters · U.S. Open · The Open Championship (British Open) · PGA Championship
Other FedEx Cup tournaments in playing order: SBS Championship · Sony Open in Hawaii · Bob Hope Classic · Farmers Insurance Open · Northern Trust Open · AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am · WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship · Mayakoba Golf Classic at Riviera Maya-Cancun · Waste Management Phoenix Open · Honda Classic · WGC-CA Championship · Puerto Rico Open · Transitions Championship · Arnold Palmer Invitational · Shell Houston Open · Verizon Heritage · Zurich Classic of New Orleans · Quail Hollow Championship · The Players Championship · Valero Texas Open · HP Byron Nelson Championship · Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial · Memorial Tournament · St. Jude Classic · Travelers Championship · AT&T National · John Deere Classic · Reno-Tahoe Open · RBC Canadian Open · Greenbrier Classic · WGC-Bridgestone Invitational · Turning Stone Resort Championship · Wyndham Championship
FedEx Cup playoff events: The Barclays · Deutsche Bank Championship · BMW Championship · The Tour Championship
Featured event: WGC-HSBC Champions
Fall Series in playing order: Viking Classic · McGladrey Classic · Frys.com Open · Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open · Children’s Miracle Network Classic
Team events: Presidents Cup · Ryder Cup · Mission Hills World Cup
Challenge season events in playing order (unofficial money): Tavistock Cup · CVS Caremark Charity Classic · PGA Grand Slam of Golf · ADT Skills Challenge · Wendy’s 3-Tour Challenge · Skins Game · Father/Son Challenge · The Shark Shootout · Chevron World Challenge · Kiwi Challenge
Former Events
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_Championship”
Categories: PGA Tour events | Golf in Hawaii | Sports in Maui
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This page was last modified on 6 March 2010 at 16:37.
Angelbachtal is a municipality in Kraichgau, between Sinsheim and Bruchsal. The name Angelbachtal comes from the valley of the Waldangelbach, which flows through Kraichgau, and from the municipality of the same name.
Contents
1Geography
1.1Neighboring Communities
1.2Boroughs
2History
2.1Eichtersheim
2.2Michelfeld
2.3Role of Eichtersheim and Michelfeld in the Revolution of 1848
2.4Union
3Government
3.1Municipal council
3.2Coat of arms
4Culture and sights
4.1Buildings
4.2Events
5Economy and infrastructure
5.1Transportation
5.2Education
6Notable natives
7External links
Geography
Angelbachtal is near Heidelberg in the hills of the Kraichgau in the district Rhein-Neckar Kreis, Baden-Württemberg. The municipality lies in a valley of the same name. The river valley ends near Rauenberg, where it runs into the Upper Rhine valley. The mild climate benefits agriculture and people.
The highest point is Roßberg at 283 m. The lowest point is the bed of the Angelbach at 159 m.
Neighboring Communities
The following cities and municipalities border Angelbachtal, clockwise from the North:
Sinsheim-Eschelbach
Sinsheim-Dühren
Sinsheim-Waldangelloch
Östringen (Karlsruhe)
Mühlhausen (Kraichgau).
With the exception of Östringen, all of these places lie in the Rhein-Neckar Kreis.
Boroughs
Angelbachtal consists of the boroughs of Eichtersheim and Michelfeld.
History
Eichtersheim
Eichtersheim was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex in 838. Around 1200 the village belonged to the knights of Steinach. From 1541 it became one of the holdings belonging to the barons of Venningen, who were part of the knight-canton Kraichgau. In 1806 Baden took control of Eichtersheim.
Michelfeld
Michelfeld was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex in 831. From 1508 to 1806 Michelfeld was under the control of the Knights of Gemmingen. In 1806 Michelfeld became part of Baden.
Role of Eichtersheim and Michelfeld in the Revolution of 1848
Because of the association of Eichtersheim and Michelfeld with Friedrich Hecker popular committees quickly formed and had great resonance with the poplulation at large. The popular committee in Eichtersheim included 126 members, while in Michelfeld there were 87. This in view of the fact that Eichtersheim had at that time only about 150 families (in a population of 750), one can say that the entire village embraced the revolution. By way of the police lists, in which the participants in the revolutionary movement and their “high treason” is documented, one can conclude that the citizens of Eichterheim and Michelfeld participated in the mobilization and support of the “first contingent.” It is also remarkable that the revolutionaries spanned the entire range of professions, for example, mayor, court clerk, businessman, farmer, innkeeper, etc. After the revolution failed, both communities suffered greatly from the punishments that followed.
Union
On 1 April 1972 Eichtersheim and Michelfeld were unified in the municipality Angelbachtal.
Government
Municipal council
Municipal Council 2004
Party
Votes
Seats
Independent (Freiewähler)
52.4 %
7
CDU
40.3 %
6
SPD
7.4 %
1
Voter Participation: 52.7 %
Coat of arms
The blazon of the coat of arms (paraphrased) is azure, bar wavy gemel or, crossed Fleur-de-lys staves gules, on azure a crescent moon with face or to dexter.
The coat of arms unites motifs from the coat of arms of the two original villages and at the same time symbolizes the location and name of the community. The red lily staffs are from the coat of arms of Eichtersheim and acknowledge the Barons of Venningen. The halfmoon with the face comes from the Michelfeld coat of arms which is a nod to the Knights of Gemmingen. The waves stand for the Angelbach. The flag is yellow and blue and with the coat of arms was bestowed upon Angelbachtal by the Rhein-Neckar district administration office on 30 April 1985.
Culture and sights
A rear view of Schloss Eichtersheim
Buildings
Schloss Eichtersheim (a water castle with park and sculptures by Jürgen Goertz)
Schloss Michelfeld
Events
Pentecost market with lighting of the castle park
Jousting and mediaeval fair
Pottery and artists market
Castle park serenade
Highland games
Christmas market
Economy and infrastructure
Transportation
The federal highways (Bundesstraße) B 292 and B 39 go through Angelbachtal. B 39 also serves as detour U 68 for the autobahn A 6. The B 292 runs from Bruchsal through Östringen into Angelbachtal-Eichtersheim toward Sinsheim and onwards in the direction of Mosbach. The B 39 comes from Wiesloch over Mühlhausen through Angelbachtal-Eichtersheim and through Sinsheim in the direction of Heilbronn. Both highways share the section Angelbachtal-Sinsheim. The rural road L 551 goes from Angelbachtal-Michelfeld to Waldangelloch in the direction of Eppingen. The district road K 4177 goes from Angelbachtal-Michelfeld to Sinsheim-Dühren.
Education
In Angelbachtal there is the Sonnenbergschule, a combined primary and secondary school with integrated trade school. For further education, there are schools in Sinsheim, Wiesloch, and Östringen.
Notable natives
Friedrich Hecker, freedom fighter in the March revolution of 1848-1849
Julius Bender, theologian and Bishop of Baden for the Evangelical Church in Germany
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This page was last modified on 24 November 2009 at 02:04.
Zombia antillarum, commonly known as the zombie palm, is a species of palm tree and the only member of the genus Zombia. It is endemic to the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles. Usually found in dry, hilly areas of northern and southern Haiti and the northwest of the Dominican Republic, Z. antillarum is a relatively short fan palm with clustered stems and a very distinctive appearance caused by itspersistent spiny leaf sheaths. Threatened by habitat destruction in Haiti, Z. antillarum is a popular ornamental species due to its distinctive appearance, low maintenance requirements and salt tolerance.
Contents
1Description
2Taxonomy
2.1Common names
3Distribution
3.1Conservation status
4Uses
5References
6External links
Description
Details of the stem of Zombia antillarum, showing persistent, spiny leaf sheaths.
Zombia antillarum is a small, palmate-leaved palm with clustered stems up to 3 metres (10 ft) tall and 5 centimetres (2 in) in diameter. The leaf-sheaths are persistent and covered with stout, spiny, reticulated fibres that point outward and downward from the top of the sheath. Stems have 9 to 12 leaves which are greyish-white on the lower surface. Flowers are bisexual with 9–12 stamens and a single carpel. Fruit are white in colour (although orange-fruited individuals are also known to exist), oblong or pear-shaped, 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) in diameter and bear a single seed. The flowers and fruit are borne among the leaves due to the fact that the inflorescences are shorter than the leaves. Trees can produce 5000 seeds per year, predominantly in July and August.
The species is believed to be wind pollinated.
Taxonomy
Descourtilz’s original illustration of Zombia antillarum from Flore médicale des Antilles, 1821
Zombia is a monotypic genus – it includes only one species, Z. antillarum. The earliest description of the species is found in the work of French physician and botanist Michel Étienne Descourtilz. In 1821 he placed it in the genus Chamaerops as C. antillarum. Italian naturalist Odoardo Beccari independently described the species in 1908, placing it in the genus Coccothrinax anomala. Recognising that it was distinct enough to be placed in its own genus, American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey erected the genus Zombia in 1931 to accommodate the species that Descourtilz had described. This generated the combination Z. antillarum. In selecting a name for the genus, Bailey noted that
it would be preferable if this endemic palm could bear a Latin name indicative of its nativity rather than an exotic binomial of no relation with its country and the people.
In 1941 another American botanist, Orator F. Cook, moved Beccari’s C. anomala to a new genus, Oothrinax. This generated a fourth combination, O. anomala. Since Descourtilz’s description pre-dates that of Beccari, Zombia antillarum (which is based on Descourtilz’s description) has priority over Oothrinax anomala. In addition, Cook’s name is invalid, since it was apparently never formally described.
In the first edition of Genera Palmarum (1987), Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield placed the genus Zombia in the subfamily Coryphoideae, the tribe Corypheae and the subtribe Thrinacinae using Harold E. Moore’s 1973 classification of the palm family. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that the Old World and New World members of the Thrinacinae were not closely related. As a consequence of this, Zombia and related genera were places in their own tribe, Cryosophileae. Within this tribe, Zombia appears to be most closely related to the genera Coccothrinax and Hemithrinax, and the species Thrinax morrisii, with the remainder of the genus Thrinax being a sister taxon to this group. Because of this, T. morrisii was moved to a new genus, Leucothrinax.
In 1960 Dominican botanist José de Jesús Jiménez Almonte described a variety of Z. antillarum which was distinguished from the typical variety by its smaller fruits with a pyriform shape and “dirty yellow” colour. he named this variety Z. antillarum var. gonzalezii. More recent workers have not considered this form distinctive enough to maintain it as a distinct variety.
Common names
Zombia antillarum is called the “Zombie palm” or “Zombi palm” by horticulturists. Orator F. Cook coined the name “Haitian cactus palm” due to the spiny appearance of its trunk. In Haiti it is usually known as latanye zombi (latanier zombi in French; the zombie fan palm), or latanye pikan, (latanier piquant in French, the spiny fan palm). It is also called latanier savanne or latanier marron. Latanye or latanier is a common term for fan palms in Haiti, so these names (”savanna fan palm” and “wild fan palm”) are not specific to this species; they are also used for several species of Coccothrinax. In the Dominican Republic the species is called guanito or guanillo. These are diminutives of guano, which is used for several species of Coccothrinax and Thrinax. In his 1821 description of the species, Descourtilz used the name latanier épineux.
Distribution
Base of the stem of Zombia antillarum showing stem sprouts.
Zombia antillarum is found in parts of northern and southern Haiti and the northwest of the Dominican Republic. It grows in dry hilly regions at low elevation, usually on slopes and ridges but is generally absent from the valley bottoms. In the Dominican Republic it is found from sea level up to 450 metres (1,480 ft) above sea level. Zombia antillarum is associated with serpentine soils, but is also found on calcareous soils. In northern Haiti it is found along the tributaries of the Trois Rivières between Gros-Morne and Port-de-Paix. The southern population occurs along the eastern edge of the Massif de la Hotte, between Miragoâne, Fond-des-Nègres and Fond-des-Blancs. Populations in the Dominican Republic occur between Dajabón, Jarabacoa, the Sierra de Yamasá, Puerto Plata and Gaspar Hernández. In Haiti, Z. antillarum grows in association with a variety of other palms, including Coccothrinax argentea, Bactris plumeriana, Roystonea borinquena, Sabal causiarum and S. domingensis. In the Dominican Republic it grows in association with Pinus occidentalis, Calyptronoma rivalis, R. borinquena, S. domingensis, Copernicia berteroana and C. argentea.
Conservation status
Although listed as “not threatened” in the 2006 IUCN Red List, a 2007 review of the status of West Indian palms classified Zombia antillarum as vulnerable based on a projected loss of 10% of the population over the next century. In Haiti, the species is threatened by habitat destruction when land is cleared for agriculture. Seedlings can also be destroyed when they are browsed by livestock.
Uses
The plant is a popular ornamental, and is valued for its unusual appearance, low maintenance requirements, small stature and salt tolerance, and is recommended for low-maintenance landscaping in South Florida. Leaves of Z. antillarum are used to weave hats and make brooms and the seeds, which have a protein content of 2.8–4.9%, are used to feed pigs. South of Sabaneta in the Dominican Republic the petioles are reportedly “used to mix manioc flour for making cassava bread.”
In 1821 Michel Étienne Descourtilz reported that the wood was used for snuff boxes and tobacco cases, that the kernel of the seed was used to treat scurvy, and that the sap had been used by Carib Amerindians “for its powerful properties”.
Fabienne Boncy Taylor and Joel C. Timyan explored the connection between the “zombie palm” and beliefs about zombies. They found that oil extracted from the seeds is has been described as a “sense-activator” by one ethnographic source and can be used to “awaken” a zombie, and that a dwelling with thatch made from the leaves of the plant could prevent zombies from being used to spy on its occupants. Other sources, however, were reportedly unaware of this these uses. Taylor and Timyan concluded that
we were able to find a link, albeit weak, between the name Zombia and Haitian culture, even though we could not verify that this species is typically associated with zombies.
References
^ abZona, Scott; Raúl Verdecia, Angela Leiva Sánchez, Carl E. Lewis, Mike Maunder (2007). “The conservation status of West Indian palms (Arecaceae)”. Oryx41 (3): 300–05. doi:10.1017/S0030605307000404.
^ abDransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis (2005). “A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae”. Kew Bulletin60 (4): 559–69. http://www.jstor.org/pss/25070242.
^ ab“Zombia antillarum“. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=215916&repSynonym_id=37776&name_id=215916&status=true. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
^ abcdHenderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 0-691-08537-4.
^ abJiménez, José de Js. (1960). “Novelties in the Dominican Flora”. Rhodora62 (741): 235–238. http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753003413868.
^ abcdefghijklmTaylor, Fabienne Boncy; Joel C. Timyan (2004). “Notes on Zombia antillarum“. Economic Botany58 (2): 173–183. doi:2.0.CO;2].
^Uhl, Natalie W.; Harold E. Moore, Jr. (1977). “Correlations of Inflorescence, Flower Structure, and Floral Anatomy with Pollination in Some Palms”. Biotropica9 (3): 170–190. http://www.jstor.org/pss/2387879.
^ ab Descourtilz, M.E.. (1821). Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles: des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises.
^“Oothrinax anomala (Becc.) O. F. Cook, nom. inval.”. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25775. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
^Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society.
^Moore, H.E. (1973). “The Major Groups of Palms and Their Distribution”. Gentes Herbarum11: 27–140.
^Roncal, Julissa; Scott Zona, Carl E. Lewis (2008). “Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation”. Botanical Review74 (1): 78–102. doi:10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9.
^Lewis, Carl E.; Scott Zona (2008). “Leucothrinax morrisii, a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm”. Palms52 (2): 84–88.
^ abCorman, Murray J. (1999). “Landscape palms available for the new millenium”. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society112: 251–252. http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1999%20Vol.%20112/251-252%20(CORMAN).pdf.
^ abHaynes, Jody; John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger (2004). “Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida”. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ENH854). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP107. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombia”
Categories: IUCN Red List vulnerable species | Coryphoideae | Plants described in 1821 | Trees of Hispaniola | Arecales genera | Vulnerable plants
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Jeff Bourne, English footballer/soccer player who played in England and the U.S.
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